I
come from haunts of coot and hern,
Personification I=the brook
Eight syllables, Four
iambic feet (Tetrameter)
Coots and hern – where
water birds live … haunts gives a mystery to the origin of the brook
Alliteration H and H
I make a sudden sally
Six syllables three iambic
feet (Trimeter)
Short and direct with
emphasis on the S alliteration and the sound
of water … sally = to set
out from a place to do something
And sparkle out among the fern,
Back to eight syllables
You can almost see the
water coming out of the greenery into sunlight
Another S
to bicker down a valley.
Then six syllables again
Bicker = argue … the water
when in a rush is in conflict with anything in its way
Q1 … Why is bicker a better
choice of word than argue?
The lines flow between
tetrameter and trimeter with rhyming scheme abab. The brook flows slow in long
text and then fast by using short text.
The iambic 8-6 syllable
variation and abab rhyme scheme set the musical pattern of the poem.
By
thirty hills I hurry down,
Or slip between the ridges,
By twenty thorps, a little town,
And half a hundred bridges.
Thorp = a village or hamlet
Q2 … How do the numbers add
to the poem?
More H H alliteration
Look at the close rhyming …
one letter variation.
Q3 … Does this add to the
reading?
Till last by Philip's farm I flow
To join the brimming river,
For men may come and men may go,
But I go on for ever.
The last three lines become
a repetition (refrain) throughout the poem. They appear in 4 stanzas and they
all have the same rhyme words (flow, river, go ever). Repetition increases the
chance that readers will remember words.
Q4 … What do these words
say about the poet?
Q5 … Why was Philip chosen?
I chatter over stony ways,
In little sharps and trebles,
I bubble into eddying bays,
I babble on the pebbles.
the brook speaks
musical terms introduced
(sharps and trebles) … related to the brook … a double meaning … the close
quick syllables emulate the brook
With many a curve my banks I fret
By many a field and fallow,
And many a fairy foreland set
With willow-weed and mallow.
Q6 … why is fret better
than say, erode?
F and W alliteration
fallow = ploughed and
harrowed left for a while to restore
foreland = an area of land
bordering on another … the bank becomes a set for fairies
mallow – herbaceous plant
with hairy stems … pink or purple flowers (fairy colours)
I chatter, chatter, as I flow
To join the brimming river,
For men may come and men may go,
But I go on for ever.
I wind about, and in and out,
With here a blossom sailing,
And here and there a lusty trout,
And here and there a grayling,
repetition of here and there
grayling = edible fresh
water fish, silver-grey
And
here and there a foamy flake
Upon me, as I travel
With many a silvery waterbreak
Above the golden gravel,
more alliteration
And draw them all along, and flow
To join the brimming river,
For men may come and men may go,
But I go on for ever.
I steal by lawns and grassy plots,
I slide by hazel covers;
I move the sweet forget-me-nots
That grow for happy lovers.
I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance,
Among my skimming swallows;
I make the netted sunbeam dance
Against my sandy shallows.
The brook exhibits great
life here with the multiple I statements … as though proud of its ability … and
much S alliteration
Q7 … in what sense are the
sunbeams netted?
I murmur under moon and stars
In brambly wildernesses;
I linger by my shingly bars;
I loiter round my cresses;
shingly provides the sound
of the water
as well as defining the nature of the
bars
Q8 … what is the difference
between linger and loiter?
And out again I curve and flow
To join the brimming river,
For men may come and men may go,
But I go on for ever.
Again the last three lines
are a repetition from an earlier stanza.
Q9 … How important is the contrast
between nature and humanity?
Q10 … Tennyson was greatly
influenced by the death of a close friend … how could this be reflected in
these words?
Alfred Lord
Tennyson (1809-1892)
Above
annotation looks at the ‘music’ generated within this poem by using some of the
poetic techniques listed below …
Rhyme
(masculine) – repetition of the accented vowel sound … called masculine when
only one syllable is involved (grow/flow)
Rhyme
(feminine)… when two syllables are involved (frightful/spiteful)
Half
rhyme – where only the one syllable of a two syllable words rhyme (shallows/swallows)
Rhythm
– the syllables and the accent placed on each syllable so that a pattern occurs
(Iambic = unaccented then accented … I SHOUT this To all AND sunDRY)
Alliteration
– the repetition of initial consonant sounds (fright/fresh)
Consonance
– the repetition of final consonant sounds (first/thirst)
Assonance
– the repetition of vowel sounds (gravel/travel)
Word
repetition – strings of words or sentences as in a refrain
Thought
…
It
has been said that all art is giving structure to two elements – repetition and
variation … do you agree?